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_________________
The
Seven Principles of Man
By
Annie
Besant
Lines of Proof for
an Untrained Enquirer
It is natural
and right that any thoughtful person brought face to face with assertions such
as those put forth in the preceding pages, should demand what proof is
forthcoming to substantiate the propositions laid down. A reasonable person
will not demand full and complete proof available to all comers, without study
and without painstaking.
He will admit
that the advanced theories of a science cannot be demonstrated to one ignorant
of its first principles, and he will be prepared to find that very much will
have been alleged which can only be proved to those who have made some progress
in their study. An essay on the higher mathematics, on the correlation of
forces, on the atomic theory, on the molecular constitution of chemical compounds,
would contain many statements the proofs of which would only be available for
those who had devoted time and thought to the study of the elements of the
science concerned.
And so an unprejudiced
person, confronted with the Theosophical view of the constitution of man, would
readily admit that he could not expect complete demonstration until he had
mastered the elements of the Theosophical science.
None the less
are there general proofs available in every science which suffice to justify
its existence and to encourage study of its more recondite truths; and in
Theosophy it is possible to indicate lines of proof which can be followed by
the untrained enquirer, and which justify him in devoting time and pains to a
study which gives promise of a wider and deeper knowledge of himself and of
external nature than is otherwise attainable.
It is well to
say at the outset that there is no proof available to the average enquirer of
the existence of the three higher planes of which we have spoken. The realms of
Spirit, and of the higher mind are closed to all save those who have evolved
the faculties necessary for their investigation.
Those who
have evolved these faculties need no proof of the existence of those realms; to
those who have not, no proof of their existence can be given. That there is
something above the astral and the lower levels of the mental plane may indeed
be proved by the flashes of genius, the lofty intuitions, that from time to
time lighten the darkness of our lower world.
But what that
something is, only those can say whose inner eyes have been opened, who see
where the race as a whole is still blind. But the lower planes are susceptible
to proof, and fresh proofs are accumulating day be day. The Masters of Wisdom
are using the investigators and thinkers of the Western world to make
"discoveries" which tend to substantiate the outposts of the
Theosophical position, and the lines which they are following are exactly those
which are needed for the finding of natural laws which will justify the
assertions of Theosophists with regard to the elementary "powers" and
"phenomena" to which such exaggerated importance has been given.
If it is
found that we have undeniable facts which establish the existence of planes
other than the physical on which consciousness can work; which establish the
existence of senses and powers of perception other than those with which we are
familiar in daily life ; which establish the existence of powers of
communication between intelligences without the use of mechanical apparatus,
surely, under these circumstances, the Theosophist may claim that he has made
out a prima facie case for further investigation of his doctrines.
Let us then,
confine ourselves to the lower planes of which we have spoken in the preceding
pages, and the four lower principles in man which are correlated with these
planes. Of these four, we may dismiss one, that of Prâna, as none will
challenge the fact of the existence of the energy we call "life"; the
need of isolating it for purposes of study may be challenged, and in very truth
the plane of Prâna, or the principle of Prâna, runs through all other planes,
all other principles, interpenetrating all and binding all in one.
There remain
for our study the physical plane, the astral plane, the lower levels of the
manasic plane. Can we substitute these by proofs which will be accepted by
those who are not yet Theosophists? I think we can.
First, as
regards the physical plane. We need here to notice how the senses of man are
correlated with the physical universe outside him, and how his knowledge of
that universe is bounded by the power of his organs of sense to vibrate in
response to vibrations set up outside him. He can hear when the air is thrown
into vibrations into which the drum of his ear can also be thrown; if the
vibration be
so slow that the drum cannot vibrate in answer, the person does not hear any
sound.
If the
vibration be so rapid that the drum cannot vibrate in answer, the person does
not hear any sound. So true is this, that the limit of hearing in different
persons varies with this power of vibration of the drums of their respective
ears ; one person is plunged in silence, while another is deafened by the keen shrilling
that is throwing into tumult the air around both.
The same
principle holds good for sight ; we see so long as the light waves are of a
length to which our organs of sight can respond ; below and beyond this length
we are in darkness, let the ether vibrate as it may. The ant can see where we
are blind, because its eye can receive and respond to etheric vibrations more
rapid than we can sense.
All this
suggests to any thoughtful person the idea that if our senses could be evolved
to more responsiveness, new avenues of knowledge would be opened up even on the
physical plane ; this realised, it is not difficult to go a step farther, and
to conceive that keener and subtler senses might exist which would open up, as
it were, a new universe on a plane other than the physical.
Now this
conception is true, and with the evolution of the astral senses the astral
plane unfolds itself, and may be studied as really, as scientifically, as the
physical universe can be. These astral senses exist in all men, but are latent
in most, and generally need to be artificially forced, if they are to be used
in the present stage of evolution. In a few persons they are normally present
and become active without any artificial impulse.
In very many
persons they can be artificially awakened and developed. The condition, in all
cases, of the activity of the astral senses is the passivity of the physical,
and the more complete passivity on the physical plane the greater the
possibility of activity on the astral.
It is noteworthy
that Western psychologists have found it necessary to investigate what is
termed the "dream consciousness," in order to understand the workings
of consciousness as a whole. It is impossible to ignore the strange phenomena
which characterise the workings of consciousness when it isremoved from the
limitations of the physical plane, and some of the most able and advanced of
our psychologists do not think these workings to be in any way unworthy of the
most careful and scientific investigation.
All such
workings are, in Theosophical language, on the astral plane, and the student
who seeks for proof there is an astral plane may here find enough and to spare.
He will speedily discover that the laws under which consciousness works on the
physical plane have no existence on the astral. E.g., the laws of space and
time, which are here the very conditions of thought, do not exist for
consciousness when its activity is transferred to the astral world.
Mozart hears
a whole symphony as a single impression, "as in a fine and strong
dream" (Philosophy of Mysticism, Du Prel, vol. I, p. 106), but has to work
it out in successive details when he brings it back with him to the physical
plane.
The dream of
the moment contains a mass of events that would take years to pass in
succession in our world of space and time. The drowning man sees his life
history in a few seconds. But it is needless to multiply instances.
The astral
plane may be reached in sleep or in trance, natural or induced, i.e.., in any
case in which the body is reduced to a condition of lethargy. It is in trance
that it can best be studied, and here our enquirer will soon find proof that
consciousness can work apart from the physical organism, unfettered by the laws
that bind it while it works on the physical plane.
Clairvoyance
and clairaudience are among the most interesting of the phenomena that here lie
for investigation. It is not necessary here to give a large number of cases of
clairvoyance, for I am supposing that the enquirer intends to study for
himself. But I may mention the case of Jane Rider, observed by Dr. Belden, her
medical attendant, a girl who could read and write with her eyes carefully
covered with wads of cotton wool, coming down from to the middle of the cheek
(Isis Revelata, vol. I, p. 37).
Of a
clairvoyant observed by Schelling who announced the death of a relative at a
distance of 150 leagues, and stated that the letter containing the news of the
death was on its way (ibid., vol. II,p, 89-92); of Madame Lagrandré, who diagnosed
the internal state of her mother, giving a description that was proved to be
correct by the post-mortem examination (Somnolism and Psychism, Dr. Haddock,p.
54-56); of Emma, Dr. Haddock’s somnambule, who constantly diagnosed diseases
for him (ibid., chap. vii.).
Speaking
generally, the clairvoyant can see and describe events which are taking place
at a distance, or under circumstances that render physical sight impossible.
How is this done? The facts are beyond dispute. They require explanation. We
say that consciousness can work through senses other than the physical, senses
unfettered by the limitations of space which exist for our bodily senses, and
cannot by them be transcended.
Those who
deny the possibility of such working on what we call the astral plane should at
least endeavour to present a hypothesis more reasonable than ours.
Facts are
stubborn things, and we have here a mass of facts proving the existence of
conscious activity on a superphysical plane, of sight without eyes, hearing without
ears, obtaining knowledge without physical apparatus. In default of any other
explanation, the Theosophical hypothesis holds the field.
There is
another class of facts: that of etheric and astral appearances, whether of
living or dead persons, wraiths, apparitions, doubles, ghosts, etc., etc. Of
course the omniscient person of the end of the nineteenth century will sniff
with lofty disdain at the mention of such silly superstitions. But sniffs do
not abolish facts, and it is a question of evidence.
The weight of
evidence is enormously on the side of such appearances, and in all ages of the
world human testimony has borne witness to their reality. The enquirer whose
demand for proof I have in view may well set to work to gather first hand
evidence on this head. Of course if he is afraid of being laughed at he had
better leave the matter alone, but if he is robust enough to face the ridicule
of the superior person he will be amazed at the evidence which he will collect
from persons who have themselves come into contact with astral forms.
"Illusions! hallucinations! " the superior person will say. But
calling names settles nothing. Illusions to which the vast majority of the
human race bears witness are at least worthy of study, if human testimony is to
be taken as of any worth. There must be something which gives rise to this
unanimity of testimony in all ages of the world, testimony which is found today
among civilised people, amid railways and electric lights, as well as among
barbarous races.
The testimony
of millions of Spiritualists to the reality of etheric and astral forms cannot
be left out of consideration. When all cases of fraud and imposture are
discounted there remain phenomena that cannot be dismissed as fraudulent, and
that can be examined by any persons who care to give time and trouble to the
investigation.
There is no
necessity to employ a professional medium ; a few friends well know to each
other, can carry on their search together; and it is not too much to say that
any half-dozen persons, with a little patience and perseverance, may convince
themselves of the existence of forces and of intelligences other than those of
the physical plane.
There is
danger in this research to any emotional, nervous, and easily influenced natures,
and it is well not to carry the investigations too far, for the reasons given
on the previous pages. But there is no readier way of breaking down the
unbelief in the existence of anything outside the physical plane than trying a
few experiments, and it is worth while to run some risk in order to effect this
breaking down.
These are but
hints as to lines that the enquirer may follow, so as to convince himself that
there is a state of consciousness such as we label "astral." When he
has collected evidence enough to make such a state probable to him, it will be
time for him to be put in the way of serious study.
For real
investigation of the astral plane, the student must develop in himself the
necessary senses, and to make his knowledge available while he is in the body,
he must learn to transfer his consciousness to the astral plane without losing
grip of the physical organism, so that he may impress on the physical brain the
knowledge acquired during his astral voyagings.
But for this
he will need to be not a mere enquirer but a student, and he will require the
aid and guidance of a teacher. As to finding that teacher, "when the pupil
is ready the teacher is always there." Further proofs of the existence of
the astral plane are, at the present time, most easily found in the study of
mesmeric and hypnotic phenomena. And here, ere passing to these, I am bound to
put in a word of warning.
The use of
mesmerism and hypnotism is surrounded by danger. The publicity which attends on
all scientific discoveries in the West has scattered broadcast knowledge which
places within the reach of the criminally disposed powers of the most terrible
character, which may be used for the most damnable purposes.
No good man
or woman will use these powers, if he finds that he possesses them, save when
he utilises them purely for human service, without personal end in view, and
when he is very sure that he is not by their means usurping control over the
will and the actions of another human being. Unhappily the use of these forces
is as open to the bad as to the good, and they may be, and are being, used to
most nefarious ends.
In view of
these new dangers menacing individuals and society, each will do well to
strengthen the habits of self-control and of concentration of thought and will,
so as to encourage the positive mental attitude as opposed to the negative, and
thus to oppose a sustained resistance to all influences coming from without.
Our loose
habits of thought, our lack of distinct and conscious purpose, lay us open to
the attacks of the evil-minded hypnotiser, and that this is a real, not a
fancied, danger has been already proved by cases that have brought the victims
within grasp of the criminal law. It may be hoped that ere long such hypnotic
malpractices may be brought within the criminal code.
While thus in
the attitude of caution and of self-defence, we may yet wisely study the
experiments made public to the world, in our search for preliminary proofs of
the existence of the astral plane. For here Western science is on the very
verge of discovering some of those "powers" of which Theosophists
have said so much, and we have the right to use in justification of our
teachings all the facts with which that science may supply us.
Now, one of
the most important classes of these facts is that of thoughts rendered visible
as forms. A hypnotised person, after being awakened from trance and being
apparently in normal possession of his senses, can be made to see any form
conceived by the hypnotiser. No word need be spoken, no touch given ; it
suffices that the hypnotiser should clearly image to himself some idea, and
that idea becomes a visible and tangible object to the person under his
control.
This
experiment may be tried in various ways ; while the patient is in trance,
"suggestion" may be used; that is, the operator may tell him that a
bird is on his knee, and on awaking from the trance he will see the bird and
will stroke it (Etudes Cliniques sur la Grand Hystérie, Richet, p. 645); or
that he has a lampshade between his hands, and on awaking he will press his
hands against it, feeling resistance in the empty air (Animal Magnetism,
translated from. Binet and Féré,p. 213).
Scores of
these experiments may be read in Richet or in Binet and Féré. Similar results
may be effected without "suggestion," by pure concentration of the
thought; I have seen a patient thus made to remove a ring from a person’s
finger, without word spoken or touch passing between hypnotiser and hypnotised.
The
literature of mesmerism and hypnotism in English, French, and German is now
very extensive, and it is open to every one. There may be sought the evidence
of this creation of forms by thought and will, forms which, on the astral
plane, are real and objective. Mesmerism and hypnotism set the intelligence
free on this plane, and it works thereon without the hindrance normally imposed
by the physical apparatus ; it can see and hear on that plane, and sees
thoughts as things.
Here, again,
for real study, it is necessary to learn how thus to transfer the consciousness
while retaining hold of the physical organism ; but for preliminary inquiry it
suffices to study others whose consciousness is artificially liberated without
their own volition.
This reality
of thought images on a superphysical plane is a fact of the very highest
importance, especially in its bearing on reincarnation; but it is enough here
to point to it as one of the facts which go to show the prima facie probability
of the existence of such a plane.
Another class
of facts deserving study is that which includes the phenomena of
thought-transference, and here we reach the lower levels of the mental, or
manasic, plane. The Transactions of the Psychical Research Society contain a
large number of interesting experiments on this subject, and the possibility of
the transference of thought from brain to brain without the use of words, or of
any means of ordinary physical communication, is on the verge of general
acceptance.
And two
persons, gifted with patience, may convince themselves of this possibility, if
they care to devote to the effort sufficient time and perseverance. Let them
agree to give, say, ten minutes daily to their experiment, and fixing on the
time, let each shut himself up alone, secure from interruption of any kind. Let
one be the thought projector, the other the thought-receiver, and it is safer
to alternate these positions, in order to avoid risk of one becoming
permanently abnormally passive.
Let the
thought projector concentrate himself on a definite thought and the will to
impress it on his friend ; no other idea than the one must enter his mind ; his
thought must be concentrated on the one thing, "one–pointed" in the
graphic language of Patanjali. The thought receiver, on the other hand, must
render his mind a blank, and must merely note the thoughts that drift into it.
These he should put down as they appear, his only care being to remain passive,
to reject nothing, to encourage nothing.
The
thought-projector, on his side, should keep a record of the ideas he tries to
send, and at the end of six months the two records should be compared. Unless
the persons are abnormally deficient in thought and will, some power of
communication will by that time have been established between them: and if they
are at all psychic they will probably also have developed the power of see in
each other in the astral light.
It may be
objected that such an experiment would be wearisome andmonotonous. Granted. All
first hand investigations into natural laws and forces are wearisome and
monotonous. That is why nearly every one prefers second-hand to firsthand
knowledge ; the "sublime patience of the investigator" is one of the
rarest gifts. Darwin would perform an apparently trivial experiment hundreds of
times to substantiate one small fact .
The
supersensuous domains certainly do not need for their conquest less patience
and less effort than the sensuous. Impatience never yet accomplished anything
in the questioning of nature, and the would-be student must, at the very outset,
show the tireless perseverance which can perish but cannot relinquish its hold.
Finally, let
me advise the inquirer to keep his eyes open for new discoveries, especially in
the sciences of electricity, physics, and chemistry.
Let him read
Professor Lodge’s address to the British Association at Cardiff in the autumn
of 1891 and Professor Crookes’ address to the Society of Electrical Engineers
in London the following November.
He will there
find pregnant hints of the lines along which Western science is preparing to
advance, and he will perchance begin to feel that there may be something in
H.P.Blavatsky’s statement that the Masters of Wisdom are preparing to give
proofs that will substantiate the Secret Doctrine.
The Seven
Planes and the principles functioning thereon
7 x
6 x
5 Atma.
Spirit Spiritual
4 Buddhi.
Spiritual Soul
3 Manas.
Human Soul. Mental
2 Kâma.
Astral or Desire-Body Astral
1 Prâna.
Etheric Double. Dense Physical Body Physical
Another Division
according to the Principles
7 Atma
Spiritual
6 Buddhi
5 Higher
Manas Mental
Principles
closely interwoven during earth life.
Sometimes
called high Psychic Plane
4 Lower Manas
3 Kâma Astral
2 Prâna.
Etheric Double Physical
1 Dense
Physical Body
Another
Division also according the Principles
7 Atmâ
Spiritual
6 Buddhi
5 Manas
Mental
4 Kâma Astral
3 Prâna
Physical
2 Etheric
Double
1 Dense
Physical Body
These two
latter divisions are matters of convenience in classification. The first
diagram gives the planes themselves as they exist in nature.
____________________________
Annie
Besant with Mahatma Gandhi
___________________________
_____________________________
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What is Theosophy ? Theosophy Defined (More Detail)
Three Fundamental Propositions Key Concepts of Theosophy
Cosmogenesis
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An Outstanding
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By a student of
Katherine Tingley
Elementary Theosophy Who is the Man? Body and Soul
Body, Soul and Spirit Reincarnation Karma
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What Theosophy Is From the Absolute to Man
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Charles
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Theosophy - What it is How is it Known? The Method of Observation
General Principles The Three Great Truths The Deity
Advantage Gained from this
Knowledge The Divine Scheme
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The Wider Outlook Death Man’s Past and Future
Cause and Effect What Theosophy does for us
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Annotated Edition Published 1885
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